UK fact file
Location & geography
The United Kingdom is a sovereign island country located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. The UK spans the island of Great Britain, the northeast part of Ireland, and many small islands. Apart from this North Irelands land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel. The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round.
Capital city
London is a metropolis overflowing with people of all races and brimming with contrasts of old and new, offering some of the world's most famous sights and an unrivalled nightlife. The historic capital was the centre of the British Empire for generations and is rich in culture. London offers something for everyone – fun for families at top tourist attractions, shopping, clubbing and vast parks spanning the city.
Natural world
The UK has a diverse pattern of natural vegetation. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the most common trees in England. Pine and birch are most common in Scotland. Almost all the lowland outside the industrial centres is farmland. Wild vegetation consists of the natural flora of woods, fens and marshes, cliffs, chalk downs, and mountain slopes, the most widespread being the heather, grasses, gorse, and bracken of the moorlands.
Common small mammals are foxes, hares, hedgehogs, rabbits, weasels, stoats, shrews, rats, and mice; otters are found in many rivers, and seals frequently appear along the coast. There are few reptiles and amphibians. Roughly 230 species of birds reside in the UK, and another 200 are migratory. Rivers and lakes abound in salmon, trout, perch, pike, roach, dace, and grayling. There are more than 21,000 species of insects.
Food & drink
Historically, British cuisine was thought of as ‘unfussy dishes made with quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces’. However, Britain has absorbed the cultural influence of those that settled in Britain, predominantly Indian food.Traditional Dishes include:
- ‘Sunday roast’ ( Roast Beef –or chicken- with roast potatoes, Yorkshire puddings, and vegetables)
- Fish & Chips (popular seaside dish of battered fish and chips to ‘take away’)
- Bangers & Mash (Pork sausages, rich onion gravy and mashed potato)
- Afternoon Tea (Traditional set of tea, jam, scones, cream and buffet foods)
Health and safety
There are no specific health risks associated with travel to the UK and food and water can be considered safe. It is generally safe to travel throughout the UK, although travellers are advised to take special care of personal belongings in central London, where pick-pocketing is often reported. There is a risk of international terrorism and security at all UK airports has been tightened and restrictions on hand luggage introduced.
Travelling
Tips of 10 to 15% are expected in restaurants and upmarket hotels if a service charge hasn't been included. Handshaking is customary when introduced to someone new. Smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces, including pubs and restaurants, and on public transport. There is a strict etiquette on escalators - stand on the right, walk on the left.
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